Sunday, May 17, 2020

Overpopulation, Overcrowding, Poverty and Conflict Essay

Overpopulation, Overcrowding, Poverty and Conflict At present, there are 6.5 billion people in the world and the number continues to multiply. In contrast, there are only a limited number of natural resources. On a global basis, the human population has shown a J-shaped pattern of growth over the past two thousand years, while the availability of natural resources mandatory for human survival is in slow decline. The implications of this are not limited to mass starvation, poverty and overcrowding of poorly sanitized cities. In fact, the current stress created by the imbalance between a burgeoning population and a finite number of resources are also one of the main factors contributing to the rise of violent inter-group conflict.†¦show more content†¦Southwick also reminds us that although the situation we have set up for ourselves in the future might be highly regrettable, we are already reaping the bad seed that we sowed in some parts of the world. We often forget that a greater part of the developing world is suffering at the hand of this incredible discrepancy between burgeoning population and environmental scarcity. As of 1992, -One out of every five people in the world, including one out of three children under the age of five is hungry or malnourished. -17 million are refugees, stateless, landless and often homeless. -One out of three people have poor health care and not enough fuel to cook food or keep warm. -Over a billion people are seriously ill with preventable diseases, including malaria, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis, and filariasis. (Miller) According to Southwick, scientists estimate that the optimum global population is no more than 2 billion people. They believe that somewhere between 1 and 2 billion people could be supported in relative prosperity. (161) Compare this with the current gl0bal human population of 6.5 Billion. Clearly, a problem is at hand. Some pessimistic although perhaps realistic scientists even view the current human population growth as a carcinogenic or cancer-like growth with the potential of destroying the global ecosystem. (Southwick161) In simple terms, the problem of the rapid growth inShow MoreRelatedOverpopulation Is Not An Issue1357 Words   |  6 PagesOverpopulation is not an issue many people in developing countries face at this point in time. Put simply, overpopulation is â€Å"the condition of having a population so dense that it causes environmental deterioration, an impaired quality of life, or a population crash† (Merriam-Webster). It should not be taken lightly bec ause it cannot be reversed in a short time period. Changes must be made gradually so that future generations do not suffer consequences that current generations have place uponRead MoreHuman Overpopulation : An Amazing And Sensational Place2366 Words   |  10 Pages2015 Human Overpopulation The world that we live in is an amazing and sensational place. You spend every day on earth with the opportunity to partake in something incredible. What if I told you that Earth was in jeopardy and humans were the core problem? Today there are approximately 7.2 billion people living on Earth. Just 15 years ago, in the year 2000, we had approximately 6.1 billion people. We experienced an increase of over one billion people in just 15 years. Human overpopulation is a problemRead MoreOverpopulation : Sustainability Of Human Life1438 Words   |  6 PagesOverpopulation: Sustainability of Human Life Overpopulation, in my belief, is becoming one of the foremost problems facing human civilization. This complex, permeating issue will likely prove to be a problem of paramount importance for all people in the future. Overpopulation is a serious global issue that is often overlooked by most people. This is likely due to lack of knowledge and fast paced distracting lifestyles we embrace this day and age. While it is not a common problem or subject we speakRead MoreOverpopulation : The Problem Facing The World1972 Words   |  8 PagesOverpopulation: when the number of existing humans exceeds the Earth s carrying capacity resulting in resource depletion, poverty, lack in biodiversity, global warming, starvation, unemployment, the spread of disease, water contamination, desertification, CO2 emissions, climate change, and rising conflict between territories among many others. Although unrealized by most, these issues, as a result of overpopulation, are a major problem facing the world to day due to the recent substantial increasesRead MoreThe Global Issue Of The Industrial Revolution2149 Words   |  9 Pagesrevolution but now in the twenty-first century population has become a global issue. A global issue can be identified because it is not only affecting the whole human race, but also global in the sense that it affects the whole world. War and conflict, poverty, high cost of living, degradation of the environment, depletion of natural resources, and unemployment all caused by the ever growing human population. William Halal and Michael Marien identified, what is known as the Mega Crisis, â€Å"A globalRead MoreEssay about How Overpopulation Causes Social Problems.3010 Words   |  13 PagesHow Overpopulation Causes Social Problems Introduction The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how overpopulation causes social problems. To do so you must take many things into consideration, such as different views of racial problems and conflicting definitions of a social problem. Social problems can be defined in many different ways. They effect everyone and some of us encounter problems everyday as a result of our race, religion, gender, or low income. Others experience problemsRead MorePeak Oil and Population3796 Words   |  16 Pageseffects of overpopulation are quite severe. The first of these is the depletion of resources. The Earth can only produce a limited amount of water and food, which is falling short of the current needs. Most of the environmental damage being seen in the last fifty odd years is because of the growing number of people on the planet. They are cutting down forests, hunting wildlife in a reckless manner, causing pollution and creating a host of problems. Those engaged in talking about overpopulati on have noticedRead MoreOver Population in the Philippines2405 Words   |  10 PagesOverpopulation in the Philippines 1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose of the study: to discuss and cite ways on how to prevent overpopulation in the Philippines. 1.2 Significance of the study: to make people realize how alarming is overpopulation. 2. Meaning of Overpopulation 3. Overpopulation facts 3.1 Causes of Overpopulation 3.2 Effects of Overpopulation 3.3 Solutions to Overpopulation 4. Manila: A megacity where the living must share with the dead ( Jenny Kleeman’s Article ) 5. Conclusion Read MoreOverpopulation And Its Effects On Our Environment Essay2266 Words   |  10 PagesAccording to, Overpopulation ‘is main threat to planet’, the population is said to reach 9 billion by 2050. The overpopulation of humans is causing destructive impacts on our environment and a high demand for resources. One destructive impact would be climate change because of the exceeding rate of humans causing pollution in the air. While the earth is having a tough time sustaining particular resources, the high demand causes the earth to force to get its nonrenewable resources. Overpopulation can leadRead MoreOverpopulation Is A Controversial Topic2428 Words   |  10 PagesAccording to, Overpopulation ‘is main threat to planet’, the population is said to reach 9 billion by 2050. The overpopulation of humans is causing destructive impacts on the environment and a high demand for resources. One destructive impact would be climate change because of t he exceeding rate of humans, causing pollution in the air. While the Earth is having a tough time sustaining particular resources, the high demand causes the earth to force to get its nonrenewable resources. Overpopulation can lead

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Consumer Behaviour and Buying Decision Process Term Paper

Essays on Consumer Behaviour and Buying Decision Process Term Paper The paper "Consumer Behaviour and Buying Decision Process" is a brilliant example of a term paper on marketing. Individuals display various characters whenever a buying decision has to be made. They ask themselves whether they are making a sound decision in purchasing a given product or they might be disappointed after the purchase. Therefore, they take on a process to enable them to compare the alternative choices available on the market so as to come up with the best choice of buying. In buying or deciding to rent a house, purchasers are always driven by a desire as to why exactly they would want to purchase a given house at a given location. The aim of this report is to find out the factors that the Purchasers consider most before making a decision on whether they will purchase or rent the house in question.The reason why people make certain decisions in buying a certain product or service is dependent on mental and social factors. The factors will determine the kind of choices th e consumers make. As a result, the companies use these choices to produce the goods determined by the consumer's needs in the effort of delivering value to their customers. The process of consumer behavior in making a purchase decision is given in five stages which include; problem recognition, information seeking, evaluating alternatives, making a purchase decision and post-purchase behavior.The Buying Decision ProcessProblem recognitionA consumer will have the urge to purchase a given type of product such as houses when they perceive a need for acquiring such a product. They may need a house near town because of nearness to work or they may need a house next to a beach for the beauty and cooling effects of beach currents or maybe as a result of a particular lifestyle associated with living next to an ocean. Some would want to live in a serene country environment free from noises hence they would want to buy a house that is away from town.Information searchingAccording to Moore (20 08), the need to purchase a given type of product for a given purpose will trigger a potential purchaser to start searching for information that would be vital to help him or her make the right decision to purchase the product in mind. Search for information to purchase the house can be external or internal. Whereby, internally a consumer will scan his or her memory in order to recall any prior experiences with such houses or accommodation. If the consumer has ever lived with a stranger before and did not like the stay, then chances are he will not choose the option to rent an apartment with a stranger.Basically, a person wishing to purchase a house will search for external information probably because of insufficient prior experiences or maybe he or she is afraid of making a mistake and avoid taking high risks. An individual would prefer an external information source probably if the cost of acquiring such information is lower.

Biomedical Instrumentation and Technology †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Biomedical Instrumentation and Technology. Answer: Massive Cyber Breach Shakes the Foundation of Gmail The idea and significance of digital security is still at large to many individuals in the present world, despite the fact that day-by-day news of real security rupture in different associations and frameworks are filling the pages of each daily paper (Pieters et al., 2014). The report presents a quickly developing issue identified that are related with the security in digital field that are related to a phishing assault that affected a large number of clients who are using Gmail on 2017 3rd May. The assault news is examined as occurrence as well as a point of leaning for different associations with the goal that the present condition of mindfulness in regards to digital security is enhanced to forestall or limit the developing digital danger. An email benefit that is free and is propelled by Google is the Gmail. The client that uses Gmail can make an account for free and sign in to the mail id they have created online through PC, portable workstation, cell phones or tab that interfaces with internet. Gmail encourages a client transfer his data from him to any other recipient he wants to send the amil to. At first Gmail offered a storage room of 1 gigabyte for each user. Presently a client can amass to 15 gigabytes worth of mail ("About Gmail", 2017). Gmail likewise gives the choice to talk specifically or build up a video meeting with at least one individual those who have an access to their Accounts of Gmail. There is a limit of data that the user can send to the receiver. Only sizes of 25 megabytes to a limit of 50 megabytes can be sent through Gmail. Google guaranteed that Gmail is a web mail that benefit and their servers ceaselessly examine messages that are related to any kind of infectious substance which bargains the protection or the substance put away by senders. Notwithstanding, the claim of the Google was frustrated by current digital assault that are held on Gmail ("About Gmail", 2017). On 2017, 3rd May Gmail faced a monstrous assault. It was then declared by Google on 4th May that data breach has taken place. The threat that was faced by Gmail was highly programmed. The main reason for attack was to acquire control of clients' to get control over the mails of the clients and get the contacts of clients that are present in the amil id (Berkenkopf, 2017). Google expressed that contamination was coming in the mail ids of client masked as if the mail id was from a true sender that helped the client to click on the report or Doc of the Google which was attached with the mail that arrived. Clients who got tapped on connection were shifted to unique security page of Google, where clients made a request to permit disease masked as a Doc of Google, to deal with clients' account (Pac, 2017). In doing as such, not just the mail record of the client is traded off yet additionally the contamination gets the subtle elements that have contacts of different clients which puts away the contact rundown of influenced client. Viruses at that point reproduce and also send back a duplicate of it to every mail id of the client that has gotten from influenced from mail id of the client. Through the defined method, contamination quickly spreads to maximum accounts of Gmail clients. It kept on reproducing many circumstances a solitary client also was traped (Griffin, 2017). The methodology of the assault was not obscure but rather the disease prevailing to influence a large number of clients inside a limited ability to focus time because of its exceptionally refined plan. The pernicious connection tricked the refined and refreshed security arrangement of Google mail by posturing surprisingly legal and dependable. Indeed, the mail id that contains viruses masked as being though it is being sent from somebody with someone who is known to clients. Indeed, the payload controlled Google's unique login framework (Brown, 2017). Measures Undertaken by Google As indicated by Google, the risk has been contained by handicapping the contaminated records and giving fundamental updates to all clients. The worm prevailing to break the framework for around one hour however inside that brief timeframe traverse it accomplished to influence somewhat which is less than 0.1 percent, which is roughly around a million clients among the aggregate tally of 1 billion clients around the world ("Gmail phishing attack - BelfastTelegraph.co.uk", 2017). Google's risk administration group instantly began solved the tainted accounts of mail and presented an overview the report that surveyed that separated from contact data no other information was compromised. However, if the virus prevailed to obtain control of the mail records of the influenced clients, it could have caused harm that is far more prominent. Acquiring control of a clients' mail record would have given the programmer the flexibility to get to any delicate information that the client had sent or received before. Utilizing that information, the hacker could have obtained control of the clients' social site or bank account details (Inquirer.net, 2017). In this manner, it can be inferred that in spite of keeping up a tight unbreachable security, a determined hacker can simply discover approaches to accomplish their objective. Subsequently, it is smarter to remain alarmed dependably and continue enhancing the security however much as could reasonably be expected. The wellbeing of a person's way of life and in addition the data that is gotten to, sent or got by the same must be accomplished by keeping the safety efforts one stage in front of the individuals who look to rupture them. The appearance of ransomware in the group of digital implication instruments has turned out to be an extremely valuable expansion for the digital offenders. It has taken the digital war to the following level of test. Prior to the introduction of ransomware, the programmer's sole reason for the assault was to utilize different instruments of hacking to break a client record and accumulate delicate data from the framework or system to utilize them for money related preferred standpoint (Rajput, 2017). The associations or people who are in charge of the security of digital world create apparatuses to check the assaults and frequently prevail about doing as such for quite a while. Nonetheless, the aggressors dependably appear to remain one-stage in front of the friends in need. In spite of this, the defenders of digital security had a sensible handle of the circumstance and some way or another figured out how to monitor things. The passage of ransomware in the battle area went about as the issue that is finally too much to bear on the camel's back for the defenders (Zimba, 2017). Ransomware is a sort of malware that has changed the idea of digital assault totally. It does not make different regular techniques for digital assault that includes rupturing the security of a framework or system to acquire essential information of an association or a client, which can be later utilized by the programmer for money related preferred standpoint (Laszka, Farhang Grossklags, 2017). Rather, it ruptures a framework misusing some of its vulnerabilities and holds the total framework and its assets at emancipate by keeping the client of a framework from playing out any capacity on the same. This new idea of capturing technology has turned out to be compelling and advantageous for the digital culprits and changed digital war (Richardson North, 2017). The report reveals some insight into this issue utilizing the episode of the current ransomware assault that made exponential harm to the world on May 12, 2017. The Insertion of WANNACRY On May 12, 2017, the occupants of 150 nations of the world felt the rage of the ransomware WANNACRY, propelled by a developing group of programmers who assert themselves as Shadow Brokers. The flood of the assault incurred significant damage of around 230,000 PCs including authoritative and individual. The power and suddenness of the assault found numerous associations napping and desolated their frameworks. The affected frameworks were held prisoner remotely by the aggressors and were requested payment against their rebuilding (Mohurle Patil, 2017). It has been recognized that a anomaly exists inside the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol of Windows' server that is known as Eternal Blue. Microsoft Corporation did not know about this imperfection and thus the peculiarity was not evacuated. Nevertheless, it was found a long back by the specialists working for the National Security Agency (NSA) of USA, who covered the reality from Microsoft for their own favourable position. The aim of NSA was to adjust the inconsistency and utilize it for hostile knowledge reason. In any case, it was stolen by the Shadow Brokers from the vaults of NSA and was released on the world (Akkas, Chachamis Fetahu, 2017). The ransomware misuses Eternal Blue to pick up section into the arrangement of a client. The underlying stage is accomplished, it begins to scramble the indispensable information documents of the framework and makes it practically difficult to get to the framework or utilize any of its elements. Having injured the framework the product at that point shows a message on the screen of the framework that demands ransom from the client of the framework in type of bit coin within a predefined traverse of time against re-establishing the framework to its past state (Wirth, 2017). It is likewise cautioned that the framework will be for all time rendered useless if the payment is not gotten inside the predetermined date. The ransomware could influence those frameworks that were running any supported or unsupported version of Windows working framework, as the SMB convention that the product adventures to pick up passage into the framework is available in Windows server. Those frameworks that were running unsupported and more seasoned adaptations of Windows working frameworks were the most influenced (Wirth, 2017). Effects of the Breach The frenzy of WANNACRY went on for a couple of hours on May 12, 2017 as revealed by different security specialists. Notwithstanding, it figured out how to influence 230,000 PCs in 150 distinct nations all through the world. Multitudinous associations were influenced amid the assault and numerous crisis organizations like the National Health Service (NHS) of UK were compelled to stop their crisis benefits that caused gigantic issues for the patients of the inside (Mattei, 2017). Among all the influenced associations, a portion of the significant associations that were influenced incredibly was the Deutsche Bahn, Telefonica and FedEx of Spain. The normal mass of these influenced nations were not saved from the impacts of this assault too. Inside the initial couple of hours of the assault propelled on May 12, 2017, all the security specialists around the globe ended up noticeably occupied with the one objective to alleviate the issue. An answer was found by a youthful analyst from Britain who found a strategy for settling the issue by enlisting an area name in the code of the ransomware program (Swenson, 2017). The procedure appeared to work for a brief timeframe, which stopped the headway of the ransomware for a brief span. In any case, it was discovered that more variants of the ransomware were soon propelled by the aggressors that countered the arrangement of the analyst. Aside from this, Microsoft Corporation propelled fix refreshes for all supported and unsupported version of Windows that settled the Eternal Blue issue from the SMB protocol. The clients were likewise asked for by the Corporation to apply the updates at the earliest opportunity. Security programming suppliers like MalwareBytes, AVG Security, Norton and such gave refreshed form of the security programming that had components to identify and anticipate ransomware assaults (Swenson, 2017). Conclusion The report concludes with the knowledge that the digital security is an issue, which cannot be trifled with. A short window of chance gave to the digital culprits can prompt exponential misfortune going from individual to worldwide intrigue. In this manner, it is smarter to search for approaches to keep the assault before it happens. Overall, it is generally realized that counteractive action is superior to cure. References Pieters, W., Lukszo, Z., HadÃ… ¾iosmanovi?, D., van den Berg, J. (2014). Reconciling malicious and accidental risk in cyber security. Pac, R. (2017). Phishing Threats, Attack Vectors, and Mitigation (Doctoral dissertation, Utica College). Griffin, A. (2017). If you use Gmail, do not open this email. The Independent. Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/google-phishing-emails-attack-gmail-scam-link-doc-invitation-hack-a7716581.html Brown, A. (2017). Gmail and Google Doc HACK - Have you been hit by phishing attack, how to change password. Express.co.uk. Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/science-technology/800165/Gmail-Google-Doc-Phishing-Attack-Change-Password-Account Gmail phishing attack: Google email users hit by massive scam sweeping web - here's what you can do - BelfastTelegraph.co.uk. (2017). BelfastTelegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/business/technology/gmail-phishing-attack-google-email-users-hit-by-massive-scam-sweeping-web-heres-what-you-can-do-35678527.html Inquirer, T., users, G., Latest, I., read, M. (2017). Google confirms massive phishing attack targeting millions of Gmail users | TheINQUIRER. https://www.theinquirer.net. Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/3009445/google-confirms-massive-phishing-attack-targeting-millions-of-gmail-users Rajput, T. S. (2017). Evolving Threat Agents: Ransomware and their Variants. International Journal of Computer Applications, 164(7). Zimba, A. (2017). Malware-Free Intrusion: A Novel Approach to Ransomware Infection Vectors. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, 15(2), 317. Laszka, A., Farhang, S., Grossklags, J. (2017). On the Economics of Ransomware. arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.06247. Richardson, R., North, M. (2017). Ransomware: Evolution, Mitigation and Prevention. International Management Review, 13(1), 10. Mohurle, S., Patil, M. (2017). A brief study of Wannacry Threat: Ransomware Attack 2017. International Journal, 8(5). Akkas, A., Chachamis, C. N., Fetahu, L. (2017). Malware Analysis of WanaCry Ransomware. Swenson, G. (2017). Bolstering Government Cybersecurity Lessons Learned from WannaCry. Mattei, T. A. (2017). Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security of Health Care Information: Lessons from the Recent WannaCry Cyberattack. World Neurosurgery, 104, 972-974. Wirth, A. (2017). It's Time for Belts and Suspenders. Biomedical Instrumentation Technology, 51(4), 341-345. About Gmail. (2017). Gmail.com. Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://www.gmail.com/mail/help/intl/en_GB/benefits.html

Monday, April 20, 2020

Why do people obey Essay Example

Why do people obey? Paper Although obedience has both negative and positive sides it depends on the circumstances to which it is concerned. there are plenty such examples throughout history where one group of people kill another group, for example the Nazis regime ordering German soldiers to torture and kill millions of innocent Jews at the time of the Second World War. (D Pennington, 2008) Milgram’s study discovered the obedience level went down when the experimenter appeared illegitimate and was not wearing a lab coat. â€Å"To Just 20 per cent giving maximum shock† (D Pennington, 2008). A face to face order has more influence because in Milgram’s study when the experimenter left the room during the experiment the level of obedience went down. The relevance of these findings is that obedience can be defined as submitting to the demands of others, particularly those in position of power. We believe that people in influence have some expertise or knowledge, and therefore we think they know more than us. For this reason we have a higher tendency to defer responsibility for our action to their authority. When it comes to authority figure, people would obey the authority even though the participants were being asked for to do something that they know is wrong. However, Rank and Jacobson (1977) did find that when the drug was a well-known one (Valium) only 2 out of 18 nurses obeyed in a similar set up to Hoflings. (http://www. smartpsych. co. uk/evaluation-of-the-hofling-et-al-1966-study). Hofling demonstrated that â€Å"people are unwilling to question supposed ‘authority’ even when they might have good reason† (McLeod, S.2008) We will write a custom essay sample on Why do people obey? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why do people obey? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why do people obey? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Obedience is now declining compared to previous generations, where people had to obey even if it is against their determination. According to Milgram’s study the participants were obeying the authority’s figure even though they were suffering distress. When obeying the authority there is less freedom for the individual. Some psychologists would say that â€Å"it is the situation the people find themselves in rather than their dispositions that best explains their actions. † References BANYARD, P. AND GRAYSON, A. (2000) Introducing Psychological Research; Seventy Studies that Shape Psychology, 2nd Edition. London: Macmillan GROSS, R. (1999) Key Studies in Psychology, 3rd Edition. London: Hodder and Stoughton McLeod, S. (2007) Obedience in Psychology. www.simplypsychology.org/obedience.html. Accessed 20.1.12 Milgram, S. (1974) .obedience to authority: an experimental view .New York: Harper and row. An excellent presentation of milgram’s work is also found in Brown, R. (1986) .social forces in obedience and rebellion .social psychology: the second Edition. New York. http://psychology.about.com/od/historyofpsychology/a/milgram.htm (Accessed  28/10/11) http://www.holah.karoo.net/milgramstudy.htm (29/10/11). http://www.simplypsychology.org/hofling-obedience.html(accessed 27/10/11) (http://www.smartpsych.co.uk/evaluation-of-the-hofling-et-al-1966-study). (Accessed 29/10/11)

Sunday, March 15, 2020

Rape Culture - Definition and Examples

Rape Culture s Rape culture is present in a society when rape and other forms of sexual violence are common and pervasive, when they are normalized and viewed as inevitable, and when they are trivialized by authority figures, the media and cultural products, and by the majority of members of the society. In a rape culture, the commonality and pervasive nature of sexual violence and rape is fueled by commonly held beliefs, values, and popular myths that encourage and excuse sexual violence committed by men and boys against women and girls. In this context, women and girls consistently experience intimidation and threats of sexual violence and actual sexual violence itself. Also, within a rape culture, the rape culture itself is largely unchallenged and not viewed as a problem by the majority. Sociologists recognize that rape culture is composed primarily of four things: 1. behaviors and practices, 2. the way we think about sex and rape, 3. the way we talk about sex and rape, and 4. cultural representations of sex and sexual assault. Just as whole societies can be described as rape cultures, so too can certain organizations and institutions, and types of institutions, like colleges and universities, prisons, and the military. History of the Term The term, rape culture, was popularized by feminist writers and activists in the U.S. during the 1970s. It first appeared in print in the book Rape: The First Sourcebook for Women, published in 1974, which was one of the first books to discuss rape from the standpoint of womens experiences. A film bearing the title Rape Culture premiered in 1975, and drew attention to how media and popular culture spread mainstream and erroneous beliefs about rape. Women, at the time, used this term to draw attention to the fact that rape and sexual violence were common crimes across the country- not rare or exceptional crimes committed by crazed or damaged individuals, as many believed. Elements of a Rape Culture Sociologists define culture as the values, beliefs, knowledge, behaviors, practices, and material goods that people share in common which help to unify them as a collective. Culture includes common sense beliefs, commonly held expectations and assumptions, rules, social roles, and norms. It also includes our language and how we communicate, and cultural products like music, art, film, television, and music videos, among other things. So, when sociologists consider what rape culture is, and when they study it, they look critically at all of these elements of culture and examine how they may contribute to the existence of a rape culture. Sociologists identify the following behaviors and practices, ideas, discourses, and cultural representations as part of rape culture. Others also exist. Behaviors and Practices Of course, the most consequential behaviors and practices that create a rape culture are acts of sexual assault, but there are others that also play significant roles in creating such a context. These include: Sexualized online harassment and bullyingHarassment and intimidation of, and threats made toward, women and girls, even those which are framed by the aggressor(s) as playful or a jokeDenying that rape is a widespread problemDiminishing or trivializing the trauma and violence of rape and sexual assaultVictim-blamingAccusing victims of lyingSexual objectification of women and girlsMen and boys talking/bragging about sexual assaultEquating masculinity with sexual dominanceRevenge porn, both independent of physical assault and post-assaultIgnoring the sexually violent crimes of celebritiesNeglect of untested rape kits and general non-prioritization of sexual assault among police forcesSupport for accused men and boys over concern for the welfare of victims Beliefs, Assumptions, Myths, and World Views Cultural expectation that men have to coerce women into having sex, and that women and girls want to be coercedBelief that men and boys are entitled to the bodies of women and girlsSocialization of girls that they have a duty to serve the demands of male sexualitySocialization of girls to expect sexual violence and aggressionBelief that discussion of sexual activity and affirmative consent are not sexyBelief that rape and sexual violence are the inevitable expressions of masculinityBelief that rape is an everyday occurrence that cannot be changedFear among victims and their families that they will be stigmatized and further traumatized by reporting the rapeBelief that rape is just rough sexWomen and girls provoke sexual assault with their behavior and dressIt is the responsibility of women to defend themselves and prevent rapeOnly bad men rape and only bad women are rapedThere is no such thing as intimate partner rapeWomen feel slut shame or regret after sex and cry rape Language and Discourse Language that minimizes rape and by calling it sexual intercourse, non-consensual sex, inappropriate behavior, or sexual misconductUsing terms like acquaintance rape or date rape and real rape to make false distinctions about the crime of rapeReferring to trafficked child rape victims as child prostitutes Representations of Rape in Cultural Products Rape jokes and memes that mock rapeThe use of rape as a plot point and for economic gain in film and televisionVideo games with rape scenariosSongs and music videos that glamorize sexual coercion, like Baby, Its Cold Outside and Robin Thickes Blurred Lines Notable Examples of Rape Culture One of the most notable and tragic recent examples of rape culture is the case of Brock Turner, who was convicted of three counts of sexual assault by  the State of California, after assaulting an unconscious woman on the Stanford University campus. Though the seriousness of the crimes for which Turner was convicted carried a possible sentence of up to 14 years in prison, prosecutors request six. The judge, however, sentenced Turner to just six months in county jail, of which he served just three. Media reporting on the case and popular discourse surrounding it were rife with evidence of rape culture. Turner was repeatedly depicted with a photo that showed him seated for a portrait, smiling while wearing a suit and tie, and was frequently described as a Stanford athlete. His father trivialized the brutal sexual assault his son committed in a letter to the court, referring to it as 20 minutes of action, and many, including the judge, suggested that a sentence appropriate to the crime would unjustly derail Turners athletic and academic promise. Meanwhile, the victim, never identified in court, was criticized for being intoxicated, and virtually no concern for her welfare, nor a desire for justice for the crimes perpetrated against her, were expressed in the mainstream press, by Turner, his defense team, or the sitting judge who decided the case. Other notable examples unfortunately abound, like the case of Kesha, who has been held legally obligated by a U.S. court to fulfill a record contract with her accused rapist/record producer, Dr. Luke, and the problem of heightened rates of sexual assault on college and university campuses across the U.S., as documented in the film The Hunting Ground. The election of President Donald Trump, a man repeatedly accused of sexual assault, and who has spoken frankly about sexually assaulting women- the now-infamous grab them by the p*ssy tape- is an example of how entrenched and normalized rape culture is in U.S. society. In 2017, a string of sexual assault accusations against powerful men in media, politics, and other industries has led to more and more conversations, on social media and elsewhere, about the pervasiveness of rape culture in our society.

Friday, February 28, 2020

Application Essay Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Application Essay - Personal Statement Example They were my source of encouragement and inspiration. I heeded to their advice and took my education seriously. I did excel in everything and this could at times caused envy among my peers. Some would even call me the teacher’s pet. Afterwards, I joined High School which was also a Diocese boarding school. This time I was really missing my parents at home but my father kept on promising me for good performance. Those promises motivated me so much that I had to forget missing home. My favorite discipline was business studies. I even dreamt of becoming a business consultant. My hard work paid off and I excelled well in my High school studies. Since my father owned a successful business, he supported me in applying for admission at various local and international universities. Fortunately, I got a letter of admission and enrolled for a BS in Management. I could now achieve my long-term goal of becoming a professional business administrator. I was very excited at this. Things were tough but through my zeal, determination together with a can do attitude made me work harder aiming at getting all the concepts. After four years of hard work, I managed to graduate with a BS in Management second class honors Upper Division in the year 2011.I was delighted and Dad and Mum being quite overwhelmed by my performance, they sent me to USA where I secured a job with a US based Aviation Company as an Account Leader in sales and I am currently working there. I will be enrolling for my MBA studies here at the United States of America to crown my Bachelors with advanced skills and knowledge from the studies. After I am through with my post-baccalaureate study, I will return to Indonesia and help my Father to expand his business activities, instill to its management high business administration skills and techniques. i will also register and open a business consultation company, that will provide the

Tuesday, February 11, 2020

Research proposal about special education Major P.H.D program

About special education Major P.H.D program - Research Proposal Example For this purpose, the researcher has formulated the research aim and objectives that have been stated below: The research aims to state the importance of special education at the PhD level along with highlighting its importance in creating a difference in the society by supporting and guiding students with special needs. For this purpose, few research objectives have been designed stated below. The literature review is aimed to present an understanding over the literature written in the context of special education highlighting its relevance and importance along with its benefits in the social environment. The idea is form an understanding that will help in gaining knowledge about special education along with its worth and importance as adding value in the personal and professional setups. Special education is meant for students with special needs covering individual differences in a systematic manner. It involves individually or group planned objectives, teaching procedures and useful and innovative interventions designed to help students to attain higher level of understanding leading to self sufficiency (Swan, Morgan, 1993). Special education can be offered within a school, college or community with the prime motive of paying focus on special needs of students. Special needs may include challenges with learning, physical disabilities, emotional and mental disorders and developmental disorders. Education can be offered to anyone using classroom setting or sharing of knowledge. However, special education demands more of a systematic and compassionate approach as students’ special needs often reduce their ability to learn independently and thus thwarting their progress in the learning phase (Goodman, 1990). Special education requires more of a compassionate app roach that cannot be offered in a general classroom setting. With social stigma attached with special education, it is